Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2002
Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2002
L'Osservatore Romano
The slow and steady growth of the Catholic church worldwide
1. The Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2002, compiled by the Central Office for Statistics of the Church and published by the Libreria Editrice Vaticana was recently presented.
In comparison with the better known Annuario Pontificio, which lists names and biographies, the Statistical Year Book prints the principal statistics that concern the Catholic Church in the various countries and individual continents.
As every year, the data are complemented by captions in Latin, English and French, and are completed by tables that show the variations in structure and time of certain basic elements of the Catholic Church.
The following notes highlight the most important trends for the Catholic Church between 1978, the year in which the Pontificate of John Paul II began, and 2002.
Baptized Catholics worldwide
2. An examination of the data in Table 1 shows a gradual increase in the number of baptized Catholics across the world from 757 million in 1978 to 1.07 billion in 2002. The growth factor varied considerably from continent to continent: whereas Africa showed an increase of 151 percent of Catholic faithful, Europe, on the contrary, presented a generally static situation (+5.09 percent); the substantial increases in Asia (+74.47 percent), in Oceania (+49.55 percent) and in America (+45.75 percent), deserve to be recorded.
Naturally these trends are linked to the demographic trends, so more exact information can be obtained by comparing the ratio of the faithful with the number of inhabitants. These figures show that in Africa growth has been constant (from 12 faithful per 100 inhabitants in 1978, to 14 in 1990 and 17 in 2002), while such growth has been more stable in America and in Asia.
It can also be said, however, that on the single continents, the relative number of faithful varies enormously: from the most recent year in our period, their number ranges from 3 faithful per 100 inhabitants in Asia, to 62 in America. For example in Oceania this ratio of the faithful was about 27 and in Europe, 40.
Of special interest are the data showing the distribution of baptized Catholics in the various geographical areas of the planet: the Continent of America in particular is home to 50 percent of the Catholics of the entire world, while Europe has 26 percent. Lower figures are recorded for Africa (12.8 percent) Asia (10.3 percent) and Oceania (0.78 percent).
Table 1 - Catholics in 1978,1990 and 2002:
geographical distribution per 100 inhabitants - variations of the period
CONTINENT
Catholic Faithful (Baptized)
In thousands
Per 100 of the total
Per 100 inhabitants
Percent of
variation
1978-2002
1978
1990
2002
1978
1990
2002
1978
1990
2002
AFRICA
54,759
88,899
137,428
7.24
9.57
12.84
12.37
13.93
16.55
150.97
AMERICA
366,614
461,264
534,339
48.46
49.68
49.92
62.22
63.74
62.29
45.75
ASIA
63,183
86,012
110,234
8.35
9.26
10.30
2.53
2.73
2.90
74.47
EUROPE
266,361
285,294
279,915
35.21
30.73
26.15
40.53
39.96
39.87
5.09
OCEANIA
5,616
7,031
8,399
0.74
0.76
0.79
25.30
26.57
26.78
49.55
WORLD
756,533
928,500
1,070,315
100.00
100.00
100.00
17.99
17.68
17.20
41.48
Catholic Bishops worldwide
3. Table 2 shows that in the 24 years from 1978 to 2002, the number of Bishops rose from 3,714 to 4,695, with a relative increase of about 27 percent. This slight and gradual increase can be found on all the continents, even if the relative variation is greater for Africa and Oceania, and a little less than the general trend for Europe and America.
It is likewise possible to point out that the relative number of Catholics on each continent stayed about the same in this period and corresponds with the relative importance of the figures for each continent.
It is also interesting to note the significance of the number of diocesan and religious priests per Bishop, so as to have approximate figures for the situation on each continent.
Worldwide, this ratio has gradually diminished as time has passed, showing a better, more harmonious distribution of Bishops and priests in the respective context of each continent.
Table 2 - Bishops in 1978,1990 and 2002:
geographical distribution and numerical variations
CONTINENT
Bishops
Percentage
of variation
1978-2002
Number
Per 100 of the total
1978
1990
2002
1978
1990
2002
AFRICA
432
494
617
11.63
11.73
13.14
42.82
AMERICA
1,416
1,591
1,762
38.13
37.79
37.54
24.44
ASIA
519
584
679
13.97
13.87
14.46
30.83
EUROPE
1,253
1,435
1,511
33.74
34.09
32.18
20.59
OCEANIA
94
106
126
2.53
2.52
2.68
34.04
WORLD
3,714
4,210
4,695
100.00
100.00
100.00
26.41
n. Priests / n. Bishops
1978
1990
2002
Africa
39.2
41.3
47.4
America
84.9
74.7
68.9
Asia
53.4
58.0
67.4
Europe
199.9
156.5
134.8
Oceania
59.3
51.2
38.5
World
113.3
95.8
86.3
Diocesan and religious priests worldwide
4. In 2002, out of a total of 405,058 priests, 267,334 were members of the diocesan clergy and 137,724 were religious priests; in 1978, on the other hand, there were 420,971 priests overall, that is, 262,485 diocesan priests and 158,486 religious priests (Table 3).
The incidence of diocesan and religious clergy has significantly changed: respectively, they accounted for 62 percent and 38 percent in 1978, as compared to 66 percent and 34 percent in 2002.
The total number of priests in 2002, in comparison with the number of priests in 1978, has dropped by 3.78 percent, as a result of the 13.10 percent decrease in the number of religious clergy and the increase of 1.85 percent in the number of diocesan clergy. The percentage that shows the sharpest fall has been recorded in Europe (about 19 percent for both categories of clergy), followed by Oceania; the number of Asian priests (diocesan and religious) has risen, as has the number of diocesan priests in Africa and America. Except in Asia, the number of religious clergy has dwindled everywhere.
It should be explained that the slight downward trend in the total number of diocesan and religious priests in the world in the two years at the end of the present analysis occurred between 1978 and 1990 and was followed by a period of substantial growth. It should also be noted that the numerical decline can be ascribed mainly to religious priests, whose numbers fell from 158,486 to 145,477 to 137,724 respectively in the three years: 1978, 1990 and 2002.
In the same context, the number of diocesan priests went from 262,485 in 1978 to 257,696 in 1990, to recover to 267,334 in 2002.
In 2002, the distribution of clergy per continent was marked by a strong prevalence of European priests (50.3 percent), whose number is more or less double that of their American counterparts; Asian clergy account for 11.3 percent, African clergy for 7.2 percent, and those of Oceania, for 1.2 percent.
Between 1978 and 2002, the relative incidence of priests in Oceania remained unchanged; on the other hand, the number of African as well as of American and Asian clergy grew; the same cannot be said of European clergy overall, whose numbers fell visibly from 59.5 percent to 50.3 percent.
The demographic variations and changes in the number of priests explain the variations in the number of Catholics per priest. With time, the ratio across the world of 1,797 Catholics per priest at the beginning of the period has risen to 2,642 at the end of it.
This ratio of Catholics per priest has risen on every continent; however, the size of the ratio does not appear to differ much between continents. In 2002, for example, the average number was about 1,300 Catholics per priest in Europe, while in Africa there were about 4,700 and in America 4,400; and these figures show the numerical ratio between pastoral workers and the faithful.
Table 3 - Diocesan or religious priests in 1978, 1990, and 2002 per continent: variations over the period
CONTINENT
Priests
1978
1990
2002
Percent variation 1978-2002
Diocesan
Religious
Total
Diocesan
Religious
Total
Diocesan
Religious
Total
Diocesan
Religious
Total
AFRICA
5,507
11,419
16,926
10,287
10,112
20,399
18,872
10,402
29,274
242.69
-8.91
72.95
AMERICA
66,084
54,187
120,271
69,508
49,374
118,882
76,760
44,634
121,394
16.16
-17.63
0.93
ASIA
13,863
13,837
27,700
18,799
15,056
33,855
27,274
18,516
45,790
96.74
33.82
65.31
EUROPE
174,175
76,323
250,498
156,312
68,294
224,606
141,724
62,027
203,751
-18.63
-18.73
-18.66
OCEANIA
2,856
2,720
5,576
2,790
2,641
5,431
2,704
2,145
4,849
-5.32
-21.14
-13.04
WORLD
262,485
158,486
420,971
257,696
145,477
403,173
267,334
137,724
405,058
1.85
-13.10
-3.78
Permanent deacons, religious men and women worldwide
5. Of course, the pastoral apostolate of bishops and priests is accompanied by other pastoral workers: an analysis of these has led to the following conclusions.
In the meantime, to give an idea of the overall structure, permanent deacons, diocesan and Religious, taken together, accounted in 2002 for almost 55 percent of non-ordained professed men religious (55,000 in 2002), and in turn, their number is 14 times lower than the number of professed women religious.
Permanent deacons constitute the group that has changed the most in the period: overall, on all the continents their number has increased more than five times, with a relative increase of 441 percent (Table 4). Although this growth has been visible everywhere, its pace continues to vary considerably from one continent to another: in Europe, the increase has been steady and noticeable (762 percent); in Asia, in comparison, it has been far more contained (175 percent), and on the other continents, more or less stable.
There are no very significant trends to report in the global distribution of deacons during the period under review except for the relative decline in number of deacons in America and a corresponding growth in Europe.
This religious figure is especially to be found in America (particularly North America), which has 65 percent of all the world's deacons, as well as in Europe (32 percent).
Table 4 – Permanent deacons in 1978, 1990, and 2002:
Their geographical distribution and variations over the period
Permanent deacons (diocesan and religious)
CONTINENT
Number
Per 100 of the total
Percentageof variation
1978-2002
1978
1990
2002
1978
1990
2002
AFRICA
91
275
336
1.64
1.57
1.12
269.23
AMERICA
4,239
12,562
19,651
76.21
71.68
65.29
363.58
ASIA
52
92
143
0.93
0.52
0.47
175.00
EUROPE
1,133
4,505
9,772
20.37
25.71
32.47
762.49
OCEANIA
47
91
195
0.85
0.52
0.65
314.89
WORLD
5,562
17,525
30,097
100.00
100.00
100.00
441.12
Non-ordained professed religious account for a group which is visibly dwindling throughout the world: they numbered 76,000 in 1978 and 55,000 in 2002. The decrease, however, can be ascribed in order of importance respectively to the groups in Oceania, Europe and America, whereas in Africa, the number of these Religious is growing, as it is in Asia, although to a lesser extent. These trends have ensured that the relative number on the various continents has gradually changed, as can be seen from the data shown in percentages in Table 5.
Table 5 - Professed Religious (non-priests) in 1978, 1990, and 2002:
their geographical distribution and numerical variations
CONTINENT
Professed religious non-priests
Number
Percentage of the total
Percentage
of variation
1978-2002
1978
1990
2002
1978
1990
2002
AFRICA
5,248
5,963
7,139
6.92
9.54
13.02
36.03
AMERICA
23,747
18,941
16,959
31.33
30.29
30.93
-28.58
ASIA
6,508
6,637
8,148
8.59
10.61
14.86
25.20
EUROPE
37,104
28,525
20,903
48.95
45.62
38.12
-43.66
OCEANIA
3,195
2,460
1,679
4.21
3.93
3.07
-47.45
WORLD
75,802
62,526
54,828
100.00
100.00
100.00
-27.67
We now examine the variations in both time and place of professed women religious, who represent, as has been noted, a very large group: in 1978 they numbered 1,000,000. Across the world this group also suffered a downward trend in the period considered here. From 991,000 at the beginning of the period, it was reduced to 783,000 at the end with a pronounced decrease of 21 percent over 24 years.
Once again, the significant difference in trends across the various continents must be emphasized: whereas Oceania, Europe and America (the latter to a lesser extent) are witnessing a continuous and progressive decline in the number of professed women religious, in Asia and in Africa the populations are steadily increasing so as to balance the overall decrease that can be noted on the other continents. Once again, we can note that these trends entail the percentage variation of the numbers on each continent, shown in Table 6.
Table 6 - Professed religious in 1978, 1990 and 2002:
their geographical distribution and numerical variations
CONTINENT
Professed women religious
Number
Percentage of the total
Percentage
of variation
1978-2002
1978
1990
2002
1978
1990
2002
AFRICA
35,473
42,429
53,980
3.58
4.81
6.89
52.17
AMERICA
300,489
265,653
225,486
30.33
30.12
28.80
-24.96
ASIA
91,585
112,127
144,780
9.24
12.70
18.49
58.08
EUROPE
546,029
448,348
348,085
55.11
50.83
44.46
-36.25
OCEANIA
17,192
13,554
10,601
1.74
1.54
1.36
-38.34
WORLD
990,768
882,111
782,932
100.00
100.00
100.00
-20.98
Priesthood candidates worldwide
6. As can be seen from the data shown in Table 7, the upward trend in figures for philosophy and theology students in both diocesan and religious centres has also continued in 2002. That year, the total number of seminarians was 113,000, of which 35 percent of the seminarians were religious, and 65 percent diocesan.
There was also an overall increase in the number of philosophy and theology students in 2002. The rate of growth, however, has slackened considerably this past year (0.9 percent), in comparison with the average annual growth in the previous 23 years (3.29 percent).
The rate of variation in each geographic area has not changed substantially, although the overall growth is less on continents where it had formerly increased. Indeed, Africa, which had an average increase of 11.8 percent in the period considered, fell to 5.8 percent in the last year: Asia, on the other hand, which had an annual increase of 5.9 percent, has remained more or less stationary.
This situation, also recorded in America, is due to the simultaneous increase and decrease: the decline continues in Central America, in the Antilles region; there is a very slight increase in the North and continuous growth in South America.
Europe is a case apart, since in recent years, the number of candidates to the priesthood there has fallen.
The distribution over large geographical areas, with the exception of Europe which showed a further downward trend in the last year reviewed, and the slight growth in Africa have remained substantially unchanged; however, the figures in Table 7 show the ratio between the candidates to the priesthood, area by area, and the number of Catholics per priest.
With regard to the number of candidates to the priesthood in proportion to the Catholic population, it is interesting to point out that also in 2002 it was well above the world average (106 candidates per 1 million Catholics), Asia (248) and Africa (162). In Oceania it was slightly above the average (113), whereas all the other regions were below the world average.
The trends over time show a strong growth of the numbers in Africa and Oceania in the period 2001-2002, in continuation with the past trend. Europe and Asia showed a slight decrease in the last year, in comparison with the upward trend seen in the past. The survey, area by area, of the number of candidates to the priesthood compared to the number of priests remained practically the same.
In 2002, on a world scale, there were 280 candidates to the priesthood per 1,000 priests. Most of them are on the Continent of Africa (759), whereas Europe had the fewest (123).
Table 7 - Candidates to the priesthood in 1978, 1990 and 2002: their geographical distribution,
variations over the period, indication of priestly vocations
CONTINENT
Candidates to the priesthood
Number
Per 100 of the total
Percent variation
1978-2002
Per one million Catholics
Per 100 priests
1978
1990
2002
1978
1990
2002
1978
1990
2002
1978
1990
2002
AFRICA
5,636
14,363
22,210
8.82
14.94
19.62
294.07
102.92
161.57
161.61
33.30
70.41
75.87
AMERICA
22,011
31,049
37,775
34.46
32.29
33.37
71.62
60.04
67.31
70.69
18.30
26.12
31.12
ASIA
11,536
21,288
27,245
18.05
22.13
24.06
136.17
182.58
247.50
247.16
41.65
62.88
59.50
EUROPE
23,915
28,661
25,023
37.44
29.81
22.11
4.63
89.78
100.46
89.39
9.55
12.76
12.28
OCEANIA
784
794
946
1.23
0.83
0.84
20.66
139.60
112.93
112.63
14.06
14.62
19.51
WORLD
63,882
96,155
113,199
100.00
100.00
100.00
77.20
84.44
103.56
105.76
15.17
23.85
27.95
Taken from:
L'Osservatore Romano
Weekly Edition in English
14 July 2004, page 5
L'Osservatore Romano is the newspaper of the Holy See.
The Weekly Edition in English is published for the US by:
The Cathedral Foundation
L'Osservatore Romano English Edition
320 Cathedral St.
Baltimore, MD 21201
Subscriptions: (410) 547-5315
Fax: (410) 332-1069
lormail@catholicreview.org
