Dear MomI forwarded this question to our physician advisor, Anthony Dardano, MD Here is his
response
Menstrual abnormalities are common in this age group and are often a result of
irregular ovulation patterns. Estrogen is secreted and builds a lining of the uterus
monthly which thickens to become receptive to a fertilized egg and aid in
implantation. At ovulation progesterone is secreted by the ovary. Should fertilization
occur progesterone continues to be secreted in high amounts and implantation is
secured. If fertilization does not occur the progesterone level drops causing the
prepared lining to slough off and menses begins. At the end of the flow a new cycle
begins. Frequently in the teenage years and again in the peri menopausal years,
ovulation does not occur with this clock like regularity and irregular bleeding is the
result. The cramping is actually miniature labor contractions where the uterine
musculature is expelling the excess blood and or clots.
Having said that how would I address this. A gynecological exam is necessary to
properly assess the problem. I certainly would use what is called the "virginal
speculum" which is much more narrow and non traumatic. The pelvic exam is
looking to rule out other common causes such as a fibroid growth or ovarian cyst.
Of course if the exam is for any reason unsatisfactory, an abdominal (not vaginal in
this age group) sonogram will give the same information. Blood work should be
done to assess anemia, undetected diabetes, and thyroid dysfunction which are real
but less common causes in this age group. Polycystic ovary syndrome with the
elevated male hormone levels and confirmatory ultrasound exam needs to be ruled
out as well. Endometriosis is also a common cause but that work up is down the road
a bit and only if the conservative approach is unsuccessful.
I agree the pill is not the place to start. Aside from the obvious moral objections,
there are numerous medical side effects which pose a serious risk. I would add that
there might be a limited place for the short term use to control hemorrhage in the
non sexually active teenager but not right off the bat. I would start with a NSAID
such as Aleve three times a day at the onset of menses. This has been shown to
control flow and is quite effective on the cramps. Next step is to put progesterone
back in the cycle where it belongs. Taking a natural preparation such as prometrium
from day 16 through day 25 of the cycle works very well to produce a natural slough
in the proper time sequence. Not only is this safe, it is morally neutral as well and
therefore acceptable for any age group sexually active or inactive.
Lysteda is a non hormonal medication taken 5 days a month which acts on the
clotting mechanism but again this is not a first line therapy. D&C or endometrial
biopsy likewise are therapies only to be used when all else fails and the symptoms
are intolerable and I only mention them for completeness. Finally laparoscopic
assessment of the pelvis is the best way to rule out endometriosis but again, only as
a last resort in this age group.
I hope I didn't get too technical with my explanation and if after your exam you have
unanswered questions I would be happy to try and clarifying them for you.
May God bless you for your good intentions.
Anthony N Dardano, MD, FACS, FACOG
