| St. Francis of Assisi On a certain morning in 1208, probably 24
February, Francis was hearing Mass in the chapel of St. Mary of the Angels, near which he
had then built himself a hut; the Gospel of the day told how the disciples of Christ were
to possess neither gold nor silver, nor scrip for their journey, nor two coats, nor shoes,
nor a staff, and that they were to exhort sinners to repentance and announce the Kingdom
of God. Francis took these words as if spoken directly to himself, and so soon as Mass was
over threw away the poor fragment left him of the world's goods, his shoes, cloak, pilgrim
staff, and empty wallet. At last he had found his vocation. Having obtained a coarse
woolen tunic of "beast colour", the dress then worn by the poorest Umbrian
peasants, and tied it round him with a knotted rope, Francis went forth at once exhorting
the people of the country-side to penance, brotherly love, and peace. The Assisians had
already ceased to scoff at Francis; they now paused in wonderment; his example even drew
others to him. Bernard of Quintavalle, a magnate of the town, was the first to join
Francis, and he was soon followed by Peter of Cattaneo, a well-known canon of the
cathedral. In true spirit of religious enthusiasm, Francis repaired to the church of St.
Nicholas and sought to learn God's will in their regard by thrice opening at random the
book of the Gospels on the altar. Each time it opened at passages where Christ told His
disciples to leave all things and follow Him. "This shall be our rule of life",
exclaimed Francis, and led his companions to the public square, where they forthwith gave
away all their belongings to the poor. After this they procured rough habits like that of
Francis, and built themselves small huts near his at the Porziuncola. A few days later
Giles, afterwards the great ecstatic and sayer of "good words", became the third
follower of Francis. The little band divided and went about, two and two, making such an
impression by their words and behaviour that before long several other disciples grouped
themselves round Francis eager to share his poverty, among them being Sabatinus, vir bonus
et justus, Moricus, who had belonged to the Crucigeri, John of Capella, who afterwards
fell away, Philip "the Long", and four others of whom we know only the names.
When the number of his companions had increased to eleven, Francis found it expedient to
draw up a written rule for them. This first rule, as it is called, of the Friars Minor has
not come down to us in its original form, but it appears to have been very short and
simple, a mere adaptation of the Gospel precepts already selected by Francis for the
guidance of his first companions, and which he desired to practice in all their
perfection. When this rule was ready the Penitents of Assisi, as Francis and his followers
styled themselves, set out for Rome to seek the approval of the Holy See, although as yet
no such approbation was obligatory. There are differing accounts of Francis's reception by
Innocent III. It seems, however, that Guido, Bishop of Assisi, who was then in Rome,
commended Francis to Cardinal John of St. Paul, and that at the instance of the latter,
the pope recalled the saint whose first overtures he had, as it appears, somewhat rudely
rejected. Moreover, in site of the sinister predictions of others in the Sacred College,
who regarded the mode of life proposed by Francis as unsafe and impracticable, Innocent,
moved it is said by a dream in which he beheld the Poor Man of Assisi upholding the
tottering Lateran, gave a verbal sanction to the rule submitted by Francis and granted the
saint and his companions leave to preach repentance everywhere. Before leaving Rome they
all received the ecclesiastical tonsure, Francis himself being ordained deacon later on. |